{"id":14503,"date":"2016-06-01T12:46:14","date_gmt":"2016-06-01T17:46:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.conservators-converse.org\/?p=14503"},"modified":"2016-06-01T12:46:14","modified_gmt":"2016-06-01T17:46:14","slug":"44th-annual-meeting-book-and-paper-may-17th-2016-a-protocol-to-conserve-glazed-paper-after-a-water-damage-by-cecile-allain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resources.culturalheritage.org\/conservators-converse\/2016\/06\/01\/44th-annual-meeting-book-and-paper-may-17th-2016-a-protocol-to-conserve-glazed-paper-after-a-water-damage-by-cecile-allain\/","title":{"rendered":"44th Annual Meeting- Book and Paper, May 17th, 2016: "A Protocol to Conserve Glazed Paper after a Water Damage." by Celine Allain"},"content":{"rendered":"

This talk was given by C\u00e9line Allain of the Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France (BnF), after the lead author, Lucille Dessennes, also of the BnF, was unable to attend the conference.
\nIn 2014, a pipe burst in the BnF, causing damage to 12,000 books, mostly from the 18th and 19th centuries. 360 of these 12,000 items contained coated papers, and when the disaster salvage\/freeze drying contractors arrived on the scene, they would not accept books with coated pages for treatment.
\nThe emergency team at the BnF instead had to use 6 freezers at the BnF to freeze-dry the 360 books with coated pages, although\u00a051 of the 360 were too dry to be freeze-dried. Allain spoke to how difficult it was for the emergency team to accurately identify which books had coated pages\u2014whether because the feel and look of the papers can vary or there might only be a few coated papers in a volume\u2014 and encouraged the audience to train emergency response teams to recognize coated papers beforehand. The difference\u00a0is rarely as easy to identify as in the graphic below:
\n

\"Image<\/a>
Image from www.inkable.com.au<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nA common theme through the talk was the importance of keeping coated papers wet until they can be frozen. Even in the 2-3 hours it took\u00a0the emergency team to arrive\u00a0and place books in freezers, a number of books with coated papers had to be\u00a0frozen “half-dried,” which limited the recovery outcome for these books. Had the books been kept wet and then frozen wet, they would have fared better.
\nAllain addressed the makeup of coated papers in order to explain why the pages should be kept wet: the coating (a mixture of pigments, binders, and other elements to improve opacity or water resistance) swells in the presence of water, readily attaches to the wet coatings of facing pages, and congeals into a “block” of stuck pages upon drying that cannot be separated without delamination of the paper surface. When the coated papers are still in a wet state, however, the pages can still be separated without loss of content.
\nThe standard treatment for drying coated papers is freeze-drying (see below Further information<\/b>), as long as there it is not a\u00a0vacuum-thermal\u00a0<\/em>drying procedure. This allows the frozen water to sublimate.
\nFor the 51 books that had been frozen half-dry, however, there were some that had blocked pages that needed to be un-blocked. The authors adapted a number of treatments to the books, including using a Teflon spatula to separate pages while still frozen.\u00a0<\/em>
\nThe authors knew from previous research into the paper industry that\u00a0the main binding agent\u00a0in the papers was styrene-butadien latex (LSB in French, SB\u00a0latex in English), which\u00a0is soluble in tetrahydrofuran. Because the tetrahydrofuran’s toxicity made it too dangerous for use, Allain and Dessennes consulted the solubility triangle to arrive at a less toxic solvent. Using\u00a0a mixture of toluene and ethanol (50\/50 vol\/vol), the conservators were able to attain equivalent solubility parameters and un-stick blocked pages of the affected books. The conservators brushed on the mixture, softening\u00a0the SB latex, and then used a stiff spatula to separate the pages.\u00a0The work is done in a fume hood. The authors noted that a large drawback is that the solvent can only be applied to specific areas of blockage and cannot be used on a large area or an entire book because the inks are frequently soluble in the solvent mixture.
\nDessennes experimented with using the solvent in a solvent chamber, but speculates that because of the thickness of the block, that the vapors could not penetrate the interstices of the paper. Because of the\u00a0limitations of the solvent applied as a liquid and in vapor form, Allain and Dessennes have plans to experiment with the solvent used in a low pressure environment.
\n 
\nFurther information:<\/strong>
\n“Effet de la lyophilisation sur le comportement mecanique et chimique du papier, du cuir et du parchemin”<\/a> Flieder, Francoise; Leclerc, Fran\u00e7oise; Chahine, Claire<\/span>
\nCarlsen, Soren. “Effects of Freeze drying on Paper,”\u00a0IADA Preprints,\u00a0<\/em>1999, p. 115-120.
\nDavid Tremain on Emergency Drying of Coated Papers http:\/\/cool.conservation-us.org\/byauth\/tremain\/coated.html
\nNEDCC leaflet on Freeze-Drying:\u00a0https:\/\/www.nedcc.org\/free-resources\/preservation-leaflets\/3.-emergency-management\/3.12-freezing-and-drying-wet-books-and-records
\nCCAHA on freeze-drying techniques:\u00a0http:\/\/www.ccaha.org\/uploads\/media_items\/ccaha-freezing-drying-techniques.original.pdf
\nNARA on efficacy drying techniques:\u00a0http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/preservation\/conservation\/drying-methods-02.html
\nLOC on drying techniques, what to do if collections get wet:\u00a0http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/preservation\/emergprep\/dry.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This talk was given by C\u00e9line Allain of the Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France (BnF), after the lead author, Lucille Dessennes, also of the BnF, was unable to attend the conference. In 2014, a pipe burst in the BnF, causing damage to 12,000 books, mostly from the 18th and 19th centuries. 360 of these 12,000 items … Continue reading “44th Annual Meeting- Book and Paper, May 17th, 2016: "A Protocol to Conserve Glazed Paper after a Water Damage." by Celine Allain”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":243,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,16],"tags":[76,90,175,185,245,275,448,612,615,900,971],"class_list":["post-14503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-annual-meeting","category-specialty-sessions","tag-aics-44th-annual-meeting","tag-american-institute-for-conservation","tag-bibliotheque-national-de-france","tag-book-and-paper-2","tag-coated-papers","tag-conservation","tag-freeze-drying","tag-lsb","tag-lyophilisation","tag-sb-latex","tag-styrene-butadien-latex"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.culturalheritage.org\/conservators-converse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.culturalheritage.org\/conservators-converse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.culturalheritage.org\/conservators-converse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.culturalheritage.org\/conservators-converse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/243"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.culturalheritage.org\/conservators-converse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14503"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/resources.culturalheritage.org\/conservators-converse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14503\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.culturalheritage.org\/conservators-converse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.culturalheritage.org\/conservators-converse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.culturalheritage.org\/conservators-converse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}